5 Babagan Saiki Kita Ngerteni Kanker Prostat

Coba prostat.
Ayo jujur, wong lanang—mesthine dudu perkara sing sampeyan lakoni. Lan sapa sing bisa nyalahke sampeyan? Kelenjar ukuran walnut dikubur ing ngisor kandung kemih, ing endi cenderung ora akeh perhatian.
Nganti, yaiku, ana masalah.
Pancen, kanker prostat minangka kanker paling umum ing pria. Masyarakat Kanker Amerika (ACS) prakiraan bakal ana bab 164,690 kasus anyar ing taun iki, lan meh 30,000 tiwas saka iku.
Nanging isih ana akeh debat babagan cara paling apik kanggo nyaring lan ngobati penyakit kasebut, sing dadi sebabe, kanggo Wulan Kesehatan Pria, kita nutul ahli ndhuwur kanggo mbatalake pamikiran paling anyar babagan nyegah, ndeteksi lan ngobati kanker prostat.

1.

Skrining kanker prostat ora perlu kanggo kabeh wong.

Tes standar saiki kanggo nyaring kanker prostat yaiku tes getih sing ngukur antigen spesifik prostat (PSA), protein sing digawe dening prostat. Tingkat protein sing luwih dhuwur bisa dadi tandha manawa sampeyan duwe prostat, utawa sampeyan kena kanker prostat.
Nganti udakara sepuluh taun kepungkur, umume dokter lan ahli urologi utamane rutin nampilake kabeh wong kanthi umur 50 nggunakake tes PSA, nanging pola pikir mau wis beda. Pasukan Tugas Layanan Pencegahan Amerika Serikat (USPSTF), tuladhane, metu karo pandhuan taun lalu nyaranake supaya wong lanang umure 55 kanggo 69 mutusake dhewe karo dokter babagan apa lan kapan bakal nyoba tes PSA.
"Ana watesan kanggo skrining PSA, kalebu tingkat positif palsu sing dhuwur sing bisa nyebabake biopsi sing ora perlu sing bisa nggawa risiko kaya pendarahan lan uga infeksi,” nerangake Matthew Raymond Smith, M.D., Ph.D., direktur Program Malignans Genitourinary ing Rumah Sakit Umum Massachusetts ing Boston.
Nyatane, mung babagan 25% wong sing duwe PSA dhuwur duwe kanker prostat. Sisane bisa nambah level amarga ana sawetara prostat, sing dudu tandha kanker; kegiatan seksual bubar; utawa malah numpak sepeda dawa.
Lan sanajan bener manawa pamrograman PSA taunan njupuk kanker luwih akeh tinimbang pria sing ora disaring, riset uga nuduhake manawa iki ora nyuda tingkat kematian kanker prostat kanthi signifikan.
"Wiwit tuwuhing kanker prostat didhukung dening testosteron, wong sing umure cukup dawa pungkasane bakal ngalami kanker prostat,” nerangake Margaret Yu, M.D., Wakil Presiden Pengembangan Klinis Kanker Prostat, Riset Janssen & Pangembangan, LLC, salah sawijining Perusahaan Farmasi Janssen Johnson & Johnson. "Seri wong otopsi umur 80-an utawa 90an sing tilar donya asring ditemokake duwe kanker prostat sing ora didiagnosis.”
Tarjamahan: Having prostate cancer doesn’t necessarily mean you’ll die from it.
Asile, the ACS now recommends discussing PSA screening with your doctor at age 50, at age 45 if you are high risk, which includes African-Americans (this population is more likely to get the disease) and men with a first-degree relative who was diagnosed with prostate cancer before age 65, or at age 40 if you have more than one first-degree relative who was diagnosed with the disease at an early age.

2.

Some men with prostate cancer may not need immediate treatment.

If you’re diagnosed with early, low-risk prostate cancer, experts now believe you may not need to do anything about it at first.
“Sometimes tumors are so small, and grow so slowly, that it’s reasonable to just monitor them closely, which is a process known as active surveillance,” Dr. Smith says.
A landmark 2016 study that followed 1,643 men with low-risk prostate cancer found that whether they opted for surgery, radiation therapy or active surveillance, their survival rates were about the same: Each group had a prostate cancer-related death rate of about 1%.
Note, sanadyan, that if you do opt for active surveillance, you’ll still need to be monitored with periodic biopsies, prostate exams and PSA blood tests every six to 12 months, Dr. Smith says. If the cancer should show signs of progression, you’ll need to start active treatment.

3.

There are things you can do to help reduce your risk of developing prostate cancer.

While there’s no way to completely cancer-proof your body, adopting these lifestyle habits may help lessen your chance of developing it:

Eat a Mediterranean-style diet. Think plant-based foods like fruits, veggies, whole grains, legumes and nuts, and heart-healthy fats like olive oil and fatty fish. According to a study published earlier this year in The Journal of Urology, men who adhere to such a diet have less risk of developing aggressive prostate cancer than those who eat a more Western (hello burger and fries!) panganan.

Jaga bobot sing sehat.Research shows that being overweight or obese raises the risk of advanced prostate cancer, according to a recent report released by the World Cancer Research Fund. A study presented this January at the American Association for Cancer Research’s Special Conference also found that men who've had prostate cancer in the past have a higher chance of recurrence if they are obese.

Exercise. Men who regularly break a sweat have a slightly lower risk of developing prostate cancer, according to the ACS.

Don't fall for unsubstantiated hype.
 You may have heard that taking supplements, such as vitamin E or selenium, may lower your risk of developing prostate cancer, but there’s no research to support this. Nyatane, a study published in the Journal of the American Medical Association found that popping vitamin E supplements could actually increase your prostate cancer risk.

4.

Prostate cancer can be emotionally devastating.

Being diagnosed with any type of cancer can be overwhelming, but men with prostate cancer may be particularly vulnerable to mental distress.
“Men tend to internalize their emotions, and so we often don’t have the tools to handle stressors,” says Sumit Subudhi, M.D., Ph.D., a prostate cancer specialist at MD Anderson Cancer Center in Houston. “This is particularly true with prostate cancer, which impacts functions like urination and erections—subjects most men aren’t comfortable talking about in general.”
Saliyane, men who undergo hormone therapy—during which they’re deprived of the testosterone that may be fueling their cancer—have higher rates of depression than men who receive other forms of treatment, according to a 2016 study published in the Journal of Clinical Oncology. “Testosterone helps boost mood and overall emotional well-being,” explains Dr. Subudhi.
Bottom line: Don’t be afraid or ashamed to admit to any emotional effects of prostate cancer, and help stave them off through self-care tactics, like good sleep, frequent exercise and even therapy.
Support groups can also be a big help. Visit CancerCare.org to find an online group for prostate cancer patients, and Cancer.com to locate advocacy groups near you that you can attend in person.

5.

Surgery and radiation aren't the only forms of treatment today.

The first-line treatments for prostate cancer are usually surgery and radiation. But when those options don't work, medications may be administered by your doctor.

For instance, there are more recently developed drugs that can be used to treat metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer—yaiku, cancer that has spread while on conventional terapi hormon. They can also be used in men who have already undergone chemotherapy, as well as patients with castration-sensitive prostate cancer (CSPC), or prostate cancer that still responds to conventional hormone therapy.

There’s also non-metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (NM-CRPC), a form of prostate cancer in which malignant cells continue to flourish—and the PSA continues to rise despite conventional hormone therapy—but the cancer has not yet spread to other parts of the body.

“Patients with NM-CRPC whose PSA levels go higher and higher eventually develop metastatic disease,” Dr. Yu explains.

This is why research for prostate cancer is so important, adds Dr. Yu, because the majority of patients with NM-CRPC will eventually develop bone metastases, at which point their prognosis dramatically worsens. “Anything we can do to slow down metastases," she says, "is incredibly important for both patients and their families."