Hipotiroidisme, ancaman kesehatan kanggo wanita liyane lan liyane

Hipotiroidisme, ancaman kesehatan kanggo wanita liyane lan liyane

Wanita saya akeh ngalami penyakit tiroid, lan Hypothyroidism minangka salah sawijining umum. Iki ngancam kesehatan lan nyebabake swasana ati sing ala. Kesehatan tiroid dadi luwih penting kanggo kesehatan wanita.

Kelenjar Tiroid

Tiroid minangka kelenjar kupu-kupu sing lenggah ing sisih ngarep gulu. Tiroid sampeyan ana ing sangisore apel Adam, sadawane ngarep pipa angin. Tiroid duwe loro cuping sisih, sambung karo jembatan (isthmus) ing tengah. Nalika tiroid ukuran normal, sampeyan ora bisa ngrasakake.

Werna coklat abrit, toroida akeh pembuluh getih. Saraf sing penting kanggo kualitas swara uga liwat tiroid.

Tiroid nggawe sawetara hormon, kolektif diarani hormon tiroid. Hormon utama yaiku tiroksin, uga diarani T4. Hormon tiroid tumindak ing awak, pengaruh metabolisme, tuwuh lan ngrembaka, lan suhu awak. Sajrone bayi lan bocah, hormon tiroid sing nyukupi penting banget kanggo pangembangan otak.

Ringkesan

Hipotiroidisme, uga diarani tiroid sing ora aktif utawa  tiroid kurang, yaiku kelainan sistem endokrin ing endi kelenjar tiroid ora ngasilake hormon tiroid sing cukup. Bisa nyebabake sawetara gejala, kayata ora kuwat ngidinke kadhemen, rasane kesel, konstipasi, depresi, rambut rontog, lan nambah bobot awak. Kadhangkala bisa uga ana pembengkakan sisih ngarep gulu amarga goiter. Hipotiroidisme sing ora diobati sajrone meteng bisa nyebabake keterlambatan tuwuh lan perkembangan alkitek ing sindrom kekurangan yodium bayi utawa kongenital.

Gejala lemes

• Kekirangan
• Ngundhuh bobot utawa nambah kasusahan ngilangi bobot
• Kasar, rambut garing
• Garing, kulit pucet atos
• Rambut rontog
• Intoleransi kadhemen (sampeyan ora bisa ngidinke suhu sing adhem kaya ing sekitar sampeyan)
• Kram otot lan nyeri otot sing asring
• Sembelit
• Depresi
• Iritasi
• Kelangan memori
• Siklus menstruasi sing ora normal
• Nyuda libido

Saben pasien bisa uga duwe gejala kasebut, lan bakal beda-beda kanthi keruwetan kurang hormon tiroid lan dawa wektu awak kurang saka jumlah hormon sing tepat.

Sampeyan bisa uga duwe salah sawijining gejala minangka keluhan utama, dene liyane ora bakal nemoni masalah kasebut lan bakal ngalami gejala sing beda. Umume wong bakal duwe kombinasi gejala kasebut. Kadhangkala, sawetara pasien hipotiroidisme ora duwe gejala babar pisan, utawa dheweke pancen alus banget mula ora digatekake.

Yen sampeyan ngalami gejala kasebut, sampeyan kudu ngrembug karo dhokter. tambahan, sampeyan bisa uga kudu ngupayakake katrampilan ahli endokrinologis.  Yen sampeyan wis didiagnosis lan diobati kanggo hypothyroidism lan terus ngalami utawa kabeh gejala kasebut, sampeyan kudu ngrembug karo dokter. 

Diagnosis

Umumé, dhokter sampeyan bisa nyoba tiroid sing kurang aktif yen sampeyan krasa tambah kesel, duwe kulit garing, konstipasi lan nambah bobot, utawa wis ngalami masalah tiroid sadurunge utawa goiter.

Tes getih

Diagnosis hipotiroidisme adhedhasar gejala lan asil tes getih sing ngukur level TSH lan kadhang level hormon tiroksin tiroksin. Tingkat tiroksin lan TSH sing murah nuduhake tiroid sing kurang aktif. Iki amarga pituitari sampeyan ngasilake TSH luwih akeh kanggo stimulasi kelenjar tiroid supaya ngasilake hormon tiroid luwih akeh.

Dokter bisa diagnosa kelainan tiroid luwih dhisik tinimbang jaman biyen — asring sadurunge sampeyan ngalami gejala. Amarga tes TSH minangka tes skrining paling apik, dhokter sampeyan bakal mriksa TSH dhisik lan ngetutake tes hormon tiroid yen dibutuhake.

Tes TSH uga nduweni peran penting kanggo ngatur hipotiroidisme. Dheweke mbantu dhokter sampeyan nemtokake dosis obat sing tepat, kaloro wiwitan lan liwat wektu.

Saliyane, Tes TSH digunakake kanggo mbantu diagnosa kahanan sing diarani hipotiroidisme subklinis, sing biasane ora nyebabake pratandha utawa gejala njaba. Ing kahanan iki, sampeyan duwe kadar getih triiodothyronine lan tiroksin normal, nanging luwih dhuwur tinimbang level normal TSH.

Ana faktor tartamtu sing bisa nyebabake tes getih kanggo masalah tiroid. Salah sijine yaiku obat pengencer getih sing diarani heparin. Liyane yaiku biotin, vitamin sing dijupuk minangka suplemen mandhiri utawa minangka bagean saka multivitamin. Ayo dhokter ngerti babagan obat utawa suplemen sing dijupuk sadurunge wis rampung tes getih.

Sebab

Nalika tiroid ora ngasilake hormon sing cukup, keseimbangan reaksi kimia ing awak sampeyan bisa dadi kesel. Ana sawetara sebab, kalebu penyakit otoimun, pangobatan hipertiroidisme, terapi radiasi, operasi toroida lan obat-obatan tartamtu.

Tiroid sampeyan sithik, kelenjar sing bentuk kupu-kupu ana ing dhasar ngarep gulu sampeyan, persis ing ngisor apel Adam sampeyan. Hormon sing diproduksi kelenjar tiroid — triiodothyronine (T3) lan tiroksin (T4) — duwe pengaruh sing gedhe banget kanggo kesehatan sampeyan, mengaruhi kabeh aspek metabolisme sampeyan. Hormon iki uga pengaruhe ngontrol fungsi vital, kayata suhu awak lan denyut jantung.

Hasil hipotiroidisme nalika kelenjar tiroid gagal ngasilake hormon sing cukup. Hypothyroidism bisa uga amarga sawetara faktor, kalebu:

• Penyakit autoimun. Penyebab hipotiroidisme sing paling umum yaiku kelainan otoimun sing dikenal minangka tiroiditis Hashimoto. Kelainan otoimun kedadeyan nalika sistem kekebalan awak ngasilake antibodi sing nyerang jaringan sampeyan dhewe. Kadhangkala proses iki kalebu kelenjar tiroid.

Para ilmuwan ora yakin sebabe kedadeyan kasebut, nanging kemungkinan kombinasi faktor, kayata gen sampeyan lan pemicu lingkungan. Nanging kedadeyan kasebut, antibodi iki mengaruhi kemampuan tiroid kanggo ngasilake hormon.

• Respon over kanggo perawatan hipertiroidisme. Wong sing ngasilake akeh hormon tiroid (hipertiroidisme) asring diobati nganggo yodium radioaktif utawa obat anti-tiroid. Tujuan perawatan kasebut yaiku supaya fungsi tiroid dadi normal. Nanging kadang, mbenerake hipertiroidisme bisa mungkasi nyuda produksi hormon tiroid, nyebabake hipotiroidisme permanen.
• Operasi tiroid. Mbusak kabeh utawa bagean gedhe saka kelenjar tiroid bisa nyuda utawa mungkasi produksi hormon. Yen ngono, sampeyan kudu njupuk hormon tiroid sajrone urip.
• Terapi radiasi. Radiation used to treat cancers of the head and neck can affect your thyroid gland and may lead to hypothyroidism.
• Obat-obatan. A number of medications can contribute to hypothyroidism. One such medication is lithium, which is used to treat certain psychiatric disorders. If you're taking medication, ask your doctor about its effect on your thyroid gland.

Less often, hypothyroidism may result from one of the following:

• Congenital disease. Some babies are born with a defective thyroid gland or no thyroid gland. In most cases, the thyroid gland didn't develop normally for unknown reasons, but some children have an inherited form of the disorder. asring, infants with congenital hypothyroidism appear normal at birth. That's one reason why most states now require newborn thyroid screening.
• Pituitary disorder. A relatively rare cause of hypothyroidism is the failure of the pituitary gland to produce enough thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) — usually because of a benign tumor of the pituitary gland.
• Pregnancy. Some women develop hypothyroidism during or after pregnancy (postpartum hypothyroidism), often because they produce antibodies to their own thyroid gland. Left untreated, hypothyroidism increases the risk of miscarriage, premature delivery and preeclampsia — a condition that causes a significant rise in a woman's blood pressure during the last three months of pregnancy. It can also seriously affect the developing fetus.
• Iodine deficiency. The trace mineral iodine — found primarily in seafood, seaweed, plants grown in iodine-rich soil and iodized salt — is essential for the production of thyroid hormones. Too little iodine can lead to hypothyroidism, and too much iodine can worsen hypothyroidism in people who already have the condition. In some parts of the world, iodine deficiency is common, but the addition of iodine to table salt has virtually eliminated this problem in the United States.

Risk factors

Although anyone can develop hypothyroidism, you're at an increased risk if you:

• Are a woman
• Are older than 60
• Have a family history of thyroid disease
• Have an autoimmune disease, such as type 1 diabetes or celiac disease
• Have been treated with radioactive iodine or anti-thyroid medications
• Received radiation to your neck or upper chest
• Have had thyroid surgery (partial thyroidectomy)
• Have been pregnant or delivered a baby within the past six months

Treatment

Standard treatment for hypothyroidism involves daily use of the synthetic thyroid hormone levothyroxine (Levo-T, Synthroid, others). This oral medication restores adequate hormone levels, reversing the signs and symptoms of hypothyroidism. And some herbal medicines are developed to have significant efficacy to relieve the symptoms of hypothyroidism and maintain the TSH to level.

You'll likely start to feel better soon after you start treatment. The medication gradually lowers cholesterol levels elevated by the disease and may reverse any weight gain. Treatment with levothyroxine will likely be lifelong, but because the dosage you need may change, your doctor is likely to check your TSH level every year.